Free Energy Definition in Science

The phrase free energy has multiple definitions in science: Thermodynamic Free Energy In physics and physical chemistry, free energy refers to the amount of internal energy of a thermodynamic system that is available to perform work. There are different forms of thermodynamic free energy: Gibbs free energy is the energy that may be converted into work in a system that is at constant temperature and pressure. The equation for Gibbs free energy is: G H – TS where G is Gibbs free energy, H is enthalpy, T is temperature, and S is entropy. Helmholtz free energy is energy that may be converted into work at constant temperature and volume. The equation for Helmholtz free energy is: A U – TS where A is the Helmholtz free energy, U is the internal energy of the system, T is the absolute temperature (Kelvin) and S is the entropy of the system. Landau free energy describes energy of an open system in which particles and energy may be exchanged with the surroundings. The equation for Landau free energy is: ÃŽ © A - ÃŽ ¼N U - TS - ÃŽ ¼N where N is the number of particles and  ÃŽ ¼ is  chemical potential. Variational Free Energy In information theory, variational free energy is a construct used in variational Bayesian methods. Such methods are used to approximate intractable integrals for statistics and machine learning. Other Definitions In environmental science and economics, the phrase free energy is sometimes used to refer to renewable resources or any energy that does not require monetary payment. Free energy may also refer to the energy that powers a hypothetical perpetual motion machine. Such a device violates the laws of thermodynamics, so this definition currently refers to a pseudoscience rather than hard science. Sources Baierlein, Ralph.Thermal Physics. Cambridge University Press, 2003, Cambridge, U.K.Mendoza, E.; Clapeyron, E.; Carnot, R., eds. Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire – and other Papers on the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Dover Publications, 1988, Mineola, N.Y.Stoner, Clinton. â€Å"Inquiries into the Nature of Free Energy and Entropy in Respect to Biochemical Thermodynamics.†Ã‚  Entropy, vol. 2, no. 3, Sept. 2000, pp. 106–141., doi:10.3390/e2030106.

The Role of the Founder in creating the Organizational Culture Free Essay Example, 1750 words

Exotic also used stories to reflect their culture and influence other people s understanding of situation and events. The staff had put up a picture of the owner in the staff cafeteria and his messages were displayed all over. Even the dress code, etiquette and personal appearance were spelt out. Sympa, on the other hand, identified the staff as the most important resource. They believed in innovation and guest service and satisfaction was priority. Research demonstrates that there is a link between the focus of power in organizations and the perceived ability of such individuals to reduce uncertainty. They attracted the best talent in the industry which conforms to the theory that only service-oriented people are employed who identify with the corporate objectives. Power at Sympa resided in each and every person. They were empowered to use initiative and contribute to the decision making process. Such a cultural approach has the power to reduce staff turnover, reduce guest concerns and achieve distinctive service quality. While Exotic only provided further training to those who got through the first test, at Sympa, everyone enjoyed the benefits of continuous regular education. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of the Founder in creating the Organizational Culture or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The cultural approach extends the benefit of collective participation as in the case of Sympa. The top management just set the game plan and allowed the individuals to determine the details of implementation while at Exotic power and decision-making resided at the top of the management. Soft control is more subtle and a more powerful means of influencing behavior.

Ethical Dilemma - 2327 Words

Everyone Does It: An Ethical Dilemma Tomorrow Allen Mark Weber Leadership Ethics Bus 540 Professor Rose Nichols June 25th, 2013 Everyone Does It: An Ethical Dilemma According to Bommer, Gratto, Gravander, and Tuttle (1987), the social environment is heavily influential in how a manager makes decisions. The type of ethical dilemma also influences how strong society’s values affect the decision. When a decision is to be made in private, there is less influence of the social and professional environments (Bommer et al., 1987). Social influence, contrary to some†¦show more content†¦In a professional work environment, managers are expected to bring high ethical standards to their decisions (Bommer, 1987). As a result, personal values may be disregarded and the more socially accepted decision may be the determining factor of the decision to be made. This concept mirrors the dilemma of Jim Willis. Problem(s) ISI is operating from a bottom line perspective: the primary goal of the business is to maximize profits. Social responsibility proposes that a private corporation has responsibilities to society that extend beyond making a profit; ISI is not fulfilling this responsibility (Wheelen and Hunger, 2010). This lack of fulfillment is evidenced by the behavior of publishing an inaccurate date of launch despite knowing about the developmental challenges of the instrument. This is the adoption of deception. The aforementioned behavior, overall, is known as Friedman’s theory of business reasoning (Wheelen and Hunger, 2010). ISI has an endeavor to stay competitive and engage in the norms of the business. According to Wheelen and Hunger (2010), Friedman’s concern is that if an organization acts â€Å"responsibly†, it can jeopardize spending money for a social interest. Making Friedman’s theory applicable to ISI, if launch dates are accurate – because of the culture of the satellite imaging business – there is a strong possibility that launch dates will be much later thanShow MoreRelatedEthical Dilemmas Of The Workplace1538 Words   |  7 Pages1. Discuss an ethical dilemma that you have had to face in the workplace. Ethical dilemmas often occur when a manager or an employee is faced with two or more conflicting choices. Give as many facts and details as possible in describing your dilemma. The most difficult ethical dilemma I have dealt with was a summer job I had this past summer, while I was working for a bakery in my hometown. This past particular summer really tested what I believe is right and wrong and how to speak up. One of myRead MoreEthical Dilemmas Of The Workplace1291 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Dilemmas in the Workplace As a manager, you are the role model for staff. You set the standards, adhere to guidelines, and exemplify what you expect staff to model. By doing so, you are establishing and sustaining an organizational culture of ethics and integrity, which is the backbone of all successful endeavors. However, even the best structured organizations face ethical dilemmas in the workplace. It is how management recognizes and addresses these occurrences that will either set themRead MoreEthical Dilemma Assignment1766 Words   |  8 PagesCONSENT FORM Thank you for being willing to take part in this interview exploring ethical conflict or turbulence. I would like to transcribe the content of this interview to form a written document to be submitted to Sheffield Hallam University as a piece of assessed piece of coursework. It is important that you only take part in this interview if you want to. As such I would be delighted if you would complete and sign this confidentiality questionnaire prior to the interview taking place. (i)Read MoreCase Analysis : Ethical Dilemma1318 Words   |  6 PagesTitle of Paper: Ethical Dilemma One INTRODUCTION Mrs. Smith, is an 81-year-old widow. She has been widowed for over twenty years. She has been very independent with some assistance from neighbors due to her son living out of the area and unable to assist. Recently, she has had issues with her independence. She has set two accidental fires that caused damages to her apartment, as well as had a recent fall in the bathtub. These issues have gained her son’s attention which has led him to requestRead MoreEthical Dilemma at Workplace Essay1192 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Introduction – What is an ethical dilemma? Ethics is the term we give to our concern for good behavior.   It is human nature to not only be concerned with our own personal well being, but also that of others and of human society as a whole.   The difference between moral dilemmas and ethical ones, philosophers say, is that in moral issues the choice is between right and wrong.   In ethical ones, the choice is between two rights. Everyday Im faced with decisions of right and wrong, most of whichRead Moret Types of ethical dilemmas Mastery67Questions123Materials Essay2477 Words   |  10 PagesTypes of ethical dilemmas Mastery 67% Questions 1 2 3 Materials on the concept: Typical Moral Dilemmas Confronting Business Communicators Ethics and Law for Management Communication Top of Form 1. As part of an effort to hire younger workers, a multinational organization assures applicants that they will get to visit its offices in other countries and work with the employees there. However, only two out of every nine workers actually get selected for such projects. What moral dilemma best fitsRead MoreEthical Dilemma Case Study842 Words   |  4 PagesAn ethical dilemma is a situation by which its difficult to determine whether a situation is can be handled without disappointing both sides. Therefore, an ethical dilemma exists when the right thing to do is clear or when members of the healthcare team cannot agree on the right thing to do. Ethical dilemmas require negotiation of different points of view (potter, Perry, Stockert, Hall 2011pg 78). The case study briefly explains a situation between daughter and father regarding the fathersRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemmas of Collecting Data and the Consequential Revision of Commodities, Culture and the Politics of Representations Definitions 1751 Words   |  7 Pagesinformation or data has become assets to companies, being regarded as property to be bought and sold to between companies. However, this has put forward the following primary ethical dilemmas surrounding human rights: the right to informed consent and the right to personal data. In addition to the creation of ethical dilemmas, the collection of human data has brought about a need for a revision of definitions. Commodities are known as a raw material or primary agricultural product that can be boughtRead MoreVices and Virtues: Ethical Dilemmas of a Fading Man Essay1932 Words   |  8 PagesVices Virtues: Ethical Dilemmas of a Fading Man When Sidney Stewart was freed in Manchuria in 1945 after 3 years of imprisonment by the Japanese, the 6’3 American weighed 65 pounds (Goldstein). Stewart was an Army private stationed in Manila in 1942 when they were overpowered by the Japanese. The 21 year-old wasn’t the killing type of soldier. Of course he killed when required, but he wasn’t murderous. He’d been sent to Luzon on the Bataan peninsula after the Japanese invasion and was soonRead MoreNursing Leaders Are Struggling Ethical Dilemmas1263 Words   |  6 Pagesstruggling in ethical dilemmas daily. Ethical dilemma is one of the issue/challenge to the nursing leader. Ethical dilemmas occur when nursing personal values and beliefs conflict with some aspect of nursing care. The struggle is to provide the best nursing care despite of the nurses’ feelings. For example: RN/ nursing leader in residential home has always dilemmas while restraining the patient. sometime patient become so aggr essive that they can harm other people and worker. The dilemma in this situation

Padinis Financial Ratio free essay sample

Question (a) Company’s Background History Padini Holdings Berhad began as a backend operation in Malaysia’s clothing and accessories industry. It has entered the new millennium as a major force in Malaysia’s multibillion textiles and garments industry. It is now a brand leader involved in the manufacturing, distribution and retail of its own fashion labels through 190 freestanding stores and in-house outlets. Besides operating in Malaysia, they have also carried the Made-in-Malaysia stamp abroad proudly.Its products were being exported to Singapore, Thailand, Brunei and West Asia now. The company is headquartered at Selangor Darul Ehsan, Mayalsia. Due to its vast amount of export in products, Padini is often mistaken as a European brand rather than a local brand despite its almost 40-year history in Malaysia. It is founded in 1971 by the group’s managing director Yong Pang Chuan as the Hwayo Garments Manufacturers Company. It entered the retail industry in 1975 with the flagship brand called Padini. This breakthrough came when Yong realised that taking his company to the next level would require a strong brand identity, hence, the brand name Padini. In 1991, Home Stores Sdn Bhd was launched to hold all the companies involved in the Groups retail, wholesale and manufacturing businesses. It was subsequently renamed to the present Padini Holdings a year later. In 1995, Padini Holdings Sdn Bhd was converted to a public company limited by shares and adopted the name, Padini Holdings Berhad and soon listed on the Second Board of the then Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange.Next, in the year 2000, the establishment of Padini Dot Com Sdn Bhd was witnessed to provide electronic business services and solutions for the group. Padini Holdings was transferred to the Main Board of the KLCI Bursa Malaysia in 2005. Vision Padini’s vision is to be the market leader in the retail industry. Padini is committed to achieve this goal through creative, discipline and hard work. Recently, Padini Holdings is consolidating its operations in order to be more efficient. Besides maintaining its affordability,Padini promises to maintain their high standard of quality in terms of design and products. They are also striving to expand their business on a regional basis. Padini Holdings relies on a few main factors to drive awareness of the nine brands it owns. These factors are storing presence and always giving the customer a reason to walk into the stores by having a variety of new clothes every week, a warm atmosphere in its outlets, friendly yet efficient customer services and etcetera. With over 200 free-standing stores and in-house outlet nationwide, Padini’s brands are present in every major shopping mall.Some of the group’s stronger brands have identities that have made them automatic destinations for shoppers looking for particular styles. Padini’s Products and Brands Padini is an integrated operation which controls its products (clothing and accessories) from the concept stage to manufacturing, merchandising and image marketing. Each brand represents a fashion philosophy and each philosophy covers a comprehensive scale of products aimed at a targeted range of consumers. Brand image is strongly backed up by real value in terms of quality, functionality and price.Padini addresses fashionable consumers of both genders and all ages through nine distinct brands which are Padini, Padini Authentics, PDI, P ; Co, Seed, Miki, Vincci, Vincci+ and Vincci Accessories. All these brands include products like apparels and accessories for ladies such as hand bags, shoes, belts and others. Its services include customer care, retail distribution and e-retail. Padini focuses on the fast changing tastes of consumers on clothing and accessories. They will always have something new, which is their main attractive force in this industry. Business StrategyOne of the reasons why Padini is such a success in the clothing and accessories industry is due to the fact that it applies the correct and precise business strategy for this age. One of them would be having frequent sales offers. Sales generate customers and it is the main attractive magnet to why consumers would enter a certain store or outlet. During sales, the group releases stockpiles of more affordable and yet good quality merchandise that is further discounted. This strategy will attract more customers into spending, but the difference would be spending with quality and affordability.Adding to that, the introduction of the Padini Concept store in 1997 has contributed to a significant boost to the group’s brand identity and the brand presence of its labels. The large 16 standalone multi-brand stores have paid off not only in reducing rental and operational costs, but they have become must-see destinations for shoppers. During the downturn, the group focused on its bargain-friendly Brands Outlet stores. Introduced in 2007, Brands Outlet features Padini designs, but with more affordable fabrics and lower-cost production resulting in rock-bottom prices.The Brands Outlet stores have been a growth driver for the Padini group, contributing around RM54. 6 million in sales of the brand’s own products. Overall, the Brand Outlet stores contributed 10% of the group’s FY2010 total sales revenue. Question (b) Ratio analysis is very important to analyze the success, failure, and progress of the business. Ratio Analysis enables the business manager to compare its performance with the previous performance and the average performance of businesses in the same industry.